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Executive Summary
Date: December 16, 2024
The CVE-2024-53677 vulnerability represents a critical risk within the Apache Struts 2 framework, which is extensively utilized for developing web applications. This remote code execution (RCE) flaw has been assigned a CVSS severity score of 9.8, underscoring its potential for severe exploitation. Attackers can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code without authentication, posing significant threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. Organizations must act swiftly to mitigate risks associated with this vulnerability, especially given the existence of public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits.
Technical Information
CVE-2024-53677 is a critical vulnerability in Apache Struts 2, a popular Java framework for web application development. The flaw allows attackers to manipulate file upload parameters, which can lead to directory traversal and the uploading of malicious files. Under certain conditions, these files can trigger remote code execution, granting attackers control over vulnerable systems. The vulnerability affects versions 2.0.0 through 2.3.37 (end-of-life), 2.5.0 through 2.5.33, and 6.0.0 through 6.3.0.2. Notably, applications that do not utilize the FileUploadInterceptor component are not impacted, as this component has been deprecated since Struts 6.4.0.
The critical nature of this vulnerability is highlighted by its inclusion in the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, which indicates its attractiveness to threat actors. The potential for exploitation is exacerbated by the availability of public PoC exploits, which can facilitate attacks against unpatched systems.
Exploitation in the Wild
As of now, there have been no confirmed reports of exploitation in the wild specifically targeting CVE-2024-53677. However, the historical context of vulnerabilities within Apache Struts suggests that they are often prime targets for attackers. The existence of a public PoC exploit significantly raises the urgency for organizations to address this vulnerability. The CISA has previously documented multiple Struts RCE vulnerabilities in its KEV catalog, reinforcing the need for vigilance among organizations utilizing this framework.
Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) associated with this vulnerability include the IP address 169.150.226.162, which has been noted in discussions surrounding potential exploitation attempts. Organizations should monitor their systems for any unusual activity related to this IP address and investigate logs for signs of exploitation.
APT Groups using this vulnerability
Currently, there is no specific Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group directly associated with the exploitation of CVE-2024-53677. However, the nature of this vulnerability makes it a potential target for various threat actors, particularly those focused on web application vulnerabilities. Organizations should remain vigilant and proactive in their security measures to defend against potential exploitation by opportunistic attackers.
Affected Product Versions
The following versions of Apache Struts 2 are impacted by CVE-2024-53677: 2.0.0 to 2.3.37 (end-of-life versions), 2.5.0 to 2.5.33, and 6.0.0 to 6.3.0.2. It is crucial for organizations to identify and assess their use of these versions to implement necessary remediation measures.
Workaround and Mitigation
Organizations utilizing affected versions of Apache Struts 2 are strongly advised to take immediate action to mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2024-53677. The following strategies are recommended:
Upgrade to a Secure Version: The most effective solution is to upgrade to Apache Struts 6.4.0 or later. This update addresses the vulnerability and eliminates the deprecated FileUploadInterceptor component.
Migrate to Action File Upload Interceptor: If your application relies on the deprecated FileUploadInterceptor, it is essential to migrate to the Action File Upload Interceptor. This process involves rewriting your actions to ensure compatibility with the newer mechanism, which offers enhanced security and integration features.
Monitor for Suspicious Activity: Organizations should actively monitor their systems for unusual activity, particularly around file uploads, and investigate logs for any signs of exploitation.
By implementing these strategies, organizations can significantly reduce their exposure to the risks posed by this critical vulnerability.
References
Canadian Centre for Cyber Security: https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/alerts-advisories/cve-2024-53677-vulnerability-impacting-apache-struts-2
Vulcan Cyber: https://vulcan.io/blog/how-to-fix-cve-2024-53677/
NSFOCUS: https://nsfocusglobal.com/apache-struts-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability-s2-067-cve-2024-53677/
CISA KEV Catalog: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
Apache Struts Security Bulletin: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-067
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